The famous ancient Greek physician Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! " He is right in many ways, it implies the culture of food consumption, its usefulness or harm in relation to the human body. Thus, some productsare important for the normal full functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and lead to serious diseases, for example, pancreatitis. In this case, proper balanced nutrition is a cure. , which prevents possible recurrence.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive system. Its main functions are the production of insulin, as well as digestive enzymes necessary for the breakdown and digestion of nutrients:
Trypsin, for digestion of proteins;
lipase for processing fats;
Lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the transformation of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice saturated with enzymes enters through the ducts into the duodenum, where the main stage of food digestion occurs. Pathology occurs when the secretion of enzymatic fluid is too active, its volume becomes so much that itPhysiologically it cannot move out of the gland "quickly". Stagnation occurs during which digestive enzymes interact with the pancreas cells, causing their death, leading to increased inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and heavy foods. Such a diet leads to the fact that the pancreas constantly works in an enhanced mode, producing excess amounts of enzymes. , which has a toxic effect not only on the organ, but also on other life support systems entering the systemic bloodstream.
The same reactions are possible when taking certain medications.
Another common cause of the disease is partial or complete blockage of the pancreatic duct. This can be caused by the formation of stones (in the case of cholelithiasis), the formation of cysts, tumors, injuries and in rare cases - a structural anomaly. Pathogenic microorganisms andLess commonly diagnosed are cases of development of the disease as a result of parasitism by other gastrointestinal pathologies (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ).
General rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are most pronounced: there is severe pain in the left side, radiating to the forearm, frequent vomiting, and hyperemia. Attacks usuallyOccurs after eating fried or spicy food or alcoholic beverages. In this case, immediate hospitalization and immediate treatment is required to stabilize the condition as soon as possible and avoid dangerous complications such as pancreatic necrosis and multiple organ failure. Is.
In the first 2-3 days after an attack, it is forbidden to eat any food to stop the production of enzymatic secretions. During this time the body is given water through drip.
Drinking is allowed at will, but in small portions. Consumption of mineral or boiled water, weakly brewed tea and rosehip decoction is allowed. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually resumes a normal diet. It is importantIn order not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, the diet should be as light as possible. You should not eat more than 150 grams of food up to 6 times a day.
All dishes are prepared by boiling or steaming in liquid or semi-liquid form (broth, puree, porridge) and cooled to a warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded, including more highCalories and undigested foods are included. Further nutrition for pancreatitis still remains fractional and moderate.
With a chronic disease, the clinical picture is not so bright. In this case, the pathology has already affected most of the glandular tissues, causing serious disruption of the functioning of the organ, primarily in the production of enzymes. In full production. Persistent digestive disorders are observed: diarrhea, bloating, change in the nature of stool, but there is no pain. However, during exacerbations, the symptoms become more intense and are accompanied by severe pain.
Diet adjustment for acute pancreatitis is carried out on the basis of the same principles. After three days of fasting, the patient switches to a fractional low-calorie diet (protein - 60 g, fat - 50 g per day). This diet lasts from 5Indicated for a period of 7 days. Moreover, the nature of food changes depending on the condition of the patient. Protein is preferred, fat content remains low. Liquid foods should be replaced with viscous, finely chopped foods. are supplemented with substances; Cooking by stewing or baking is allowed.
Daily salt intake should not exceed 6 grams (for any type of pathology).
Why follow a diet for pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease is a serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in isolated cases does the organ heal completely without any consequences. As a rule, such disorders do not go away without a trace, especiallyIf a person again abuses strong drinks or eats incorrectly. Infection in chronic form is a dangerous condition, it will no longer be possible to completely cure it. In this case, the affected gland produces the required amount of enzymes. is not able to; Requires regular (often lifelong) use of medicinal analogs.
Dietary nutrition is mandatory for pancreatitis. The main goals are to relieve the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion, and prevent re-exacerbation. Difficult to digest, long-digesting foods that require increased production of pancreatic juice, They are excluded from the menu. The diet is selected in such a way as to ensure the normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum restoration of damaged tissues.
Diet plays an important role in the prevention of diabetes. The gland contains special areas, called islets of Langerhans, where a specific hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these structures, hormonal production may be reduced. which can eventually lead to the development of endocrine disease. In this case, poor nutrition is considered a predisposing factor.
Permitted products for pancreatitis
After the symptoms have weakened, the patient is shown a diet table No. 5p. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of pathology in the active phase and in case of an acute attack. It is quite limited and consists mainly ofContains easily digestible carbohydrates.
Advanced nutrition for pancreatitis is the adjustment of the carbohydrate diet by including protein products. Their daily content in food is no more than 125 grams. Also, the amount of fat consumed should not exceed 70 grams. In addition, the amounts of other nutrients essential for health are taken into account:
Vitamin A – 10 mg;
B vitamins – from 2 to 10 mg;
Vitamin C – up to 150 grams;
Calcium – 0. 8 grams;
Sodium – 3 grams;
Phosphorus – 1. 3 grams;
Magnesium – 0. 5 grams;
Iron – 0. 03 grams.
All this suggests that the daily menu should be not only healthy, but also diverse due to the use of various permitted products.
vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green peas, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. There is a lot of controversy among nutritionists regarding the consumption of beets. It is a known fact that boiled root vegetables are healthy, But its high content of betaine and sugar raises questions about the safety of its use as a food for inflammation of the pancreas.
Vegetables are eaten in puree form as part of the first course. A gradual change towards coarse grinding is allowed.
fruits, berries: apples, pears, pomegranates, peaches, strawberries, raspberries. Products are baked (apples), steamed, or various dishes are prepared from them (without sugar): preserves, jams, mousses, Marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or tenderloin). Products can be eaten after the patient's condition has stabilized. They are used to cook broths, puree soups, prepare steamed cutlets, quenelles, meatballs and soufflés. goes.
fish: pike perch, pike, carp, perch, hake, pollock, cod, blue whiting. Served in boiled pieces or processed into minced meat for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk little by little during the day, porridge is cooked with milk, and cottage cheese is used for casseroles and puddings.
Separately, it is worth mentioning cheese. Only salty soft cheeses are allowed for consumption: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. The products are crushed and mixed into food during cooking.
Cereal: Semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Grains ground into flour are most suitable.
Pasta: Any. Prepare according to instructions, smaller items are preferred.
eggs: chicken, quail. They are eaten boiled (mashed), soft-boiled (rarely) or in omelette form.
Bread: With wheat (yesterday's), bran, crackers, biscuits.
Oil: Creamy (up to 30 g per day), vegetable (flaxseed, olive, refined sunflower) are gradually introduced into the menu.
drink: weak teas, compotes, diluted juices from non-acidic berries, fruits, still mineral waters.
All food is prepared just before eating. "Frying" vegetable soups is prohibited.
Fully or partially limited product
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease dictates its own strict rules according to which the patient must live. First of all, it concerns the daily diet. To avoid possible recurrence and worsening of the condition in the future, you need to avoid certain foods. Consumption will have to be stopped permanently. Of course, it is difficult to accept, but the cost of poor nutrition during pancreatitis often becomes the patient's life.
Dieting should not be taken as an ordeal. The number of things you can eat is not so small, and in all sections of the food table. In addition, if the patient is feeling well, the main diet (someNutrition for pancreatitis can be expanded by including foods not included in the diet (seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their intake should be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any, evenIf mild, symptoms occur that indicate a possible attack, the new food added to the diet is immediately eliminated.
The patient's diet does not include high-fat foods. First of all, this concerns meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). Any semi-finished meat products and sausages are also prohibited. . The latter pose a particular potential danger, as it contains a large number of chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. The exception to this are sausages or ham made from dietary poultry meat, which are sometimes consumed in small amounts. Is done in.
Varieties of fatty sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls and sushi are excluded. Consumption of fish dishes and seafood with moderate fat content is allowed (weekNot more than 2 times).
The diet menu does not include vegetables with coarse fiber, high acidity: white cabbage, radishes, rutabagas, radishes, turnips, spinach, sorrel, corn, asparagus, eggplants. You should also avoid spicy, pickled, salty vegetables, ginger, olives, or garlic andDishes prepared from onions should not be served. Products should be thermally processed before eating; They should not be eaten raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no symptoms of inflammation of the pancreas.
Fruits and berries contain a large amount of acid, which increases the secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, their use is undesirable, especially during the rehabilitation period after an attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries and juices obtained from themAre prohibited. Dry fruits are permitted to a limited extent.
The consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These products are a source of large amounts of vegetable protein, which helps to activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disorders from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract are possible: gas formation inIncrease, constipation, which is especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Difficult-to-digest foods made from cereals are prohibited: millet, barley, peas and pearl barley. The consistency of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and sticky, it is not recommended to eat it in pieces.
Fatty milk, as well as its derivatives (cheese, kefir, sour cream) are extremely undesirable. Hard, salty, pungent cheeses and cheese products are prohibited.
When preparing food, you cannot use any spices or serve factory-made sauces: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. Cooking food by frying is strictly prohibited. Fried foods (including fried vegetables for soup) are saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances that have a depressing effect on the functioning of the entire digestive system. Regular consumption of such food leads to a new attack. The same applies to any smoked meat or canned fish. You should not leave fish in water in small quantities, because . . . it releases substances that require increased production of pancreatic juiceIs.
It is prohibited to eat fresh bread, bakery and sweet products. Such food is a source of a large number of carbohydrates, which promote the activity of the diseased organ and increase insulin release. In combination with cooking fats (margarine, etc. , this is a serious load that is unacceptable for pancreatitis. Therefore you should also not eat cakes, pastries, ice cream, chocolate or honey.
Alcohol of any kind, as well as strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa and green tea is strictly prohibited.
Sample menu for a week for pancreatitis
Nutrition for pancreatitis in the acute stage is quite poor, but necessary for relieving inflammation. A 6-time meal plan is prescribed:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is better; In the absence of symptoms, with diluted milk. You can complete your meal with a slice of toasted bread smeared with butter.
Lunch of the day. As a rule, it includes unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecake, jelly and fruit puree.
Dinner. Light broths and vegetable soups are served as first courses. For the second course - meat or fish soufflé, mashed cereals and steamed cutlets with vegetables.
Afternoon snack. Its composition is similar to the other snacks.
Dinner. This meal is preferably light, but with sufficient protein content. Boiled fish, meat pate with side dishes are suitable.
For the night. Instead of food - a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, the daily menu is supplemented with other dishes from the list of permitted products.
monday
Puree rice porridge, rosehip infusion.
Baked apples with dried apricots.
Chicken dishes with croutons, fish soufflé.
Kissel, biscuits.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal meatballs.
Compote, a slice of soft, lightly salted cheese.
Boiled pike perch with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal porridge in water with dried fruits.
Curd.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
Fruit Jam.
Cheese Casserole with Pears, Wheat Bread.
Curd.
Thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Curd pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit soufflé with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken cutlets with cauliflower puree.
Spoiled milk.
Friday
Steamed Cheesecakes, Rosehip Drink.
baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
Curd.
Boiled veal, carrot pudding.
Tea without sugar.
Saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit purees, biscuits.
Homemade noodles with vegetable broth, turkey cutlets.
cottage cheese.
Pasta with green peas, compote.
Varenets.
sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple Mousse.
Chicken broth with potato dumplings, fish dumplings.
Vegetable puree.
Boiled turkey with side dish of zucchini and carrots.
Milk (low fat).
diet dishes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
you will need:
Broken round grain rice – half a glass;
Pumpkin – 300 grams;
Milk half and water half – only 1 glass;
Sugar – 1 tsp;
Salt.
Cut the previously peeled and seeded pumpkin into pieces, boil in a small amount of water until soft, rub through a sieve. Another option is also possible: grate the vegetable and add to the pan with the rice.
Pour the cereal into boiling thin milk and cook for 15 minutes. Then add pumpkin puree, sugar and a little salt. Stir and keep on fire for 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat the porridge after it has stood for 20-30 minutes.
Meatballs and Cauliflower Soup
Material:
Turkey or chicken fillet - 300 grams;
Fresh egg whites – 2 pcs;
Potatoes – 3 pcs;
Carrot – 1 piece;
Cauliflower – 300 grams;
Water – 2-2. 5 l;
Salt.
Make minced meat. Knead the egg whites well and make walnut-sized meatballs. Add the cabbage, previously divided into small florets, and grated carrots into the boiling water. After 5 minutes, add the potatoes cut into small cubes. . When the vegetables are cooked, add the meatballs to the soup, add salt and stir. Let it boil for 5-7 minutes on low flame.
If the disease worsens, you can make a more gentle cream soup. In this case, the meatball shape is not formed. Minced meat (without protein) is added to the cooked vegetables, mixed, 5-7 minutesuntil cooked, after which the contents of the pan are pureed with a blender. Pour the egg whites into the soup in a thin stream while stirring.
Chicken Soufflé
product:
Chicken breast without skin - 500 grams;
Milk – 1 glass;
Egg whites – 2 pcs;
Vegetable oil (to lubricate the mold);
Salt.
Preheat the oven at 180°C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix with the egg whites and milk, add salt. Beat the minced meat with a blender until smooth. Grease a heat-resistant dish with oil and fill it with the meat mixture. OvenBake for 30 minutes without uncovering.
Steamed Fish Cutlets
you will need:
White fish fillet (cod, pollock, perch) - 500 g;
2 egg whites;
Salt.
Grind the fish into mincemeat, add salt, mix with egg white and knead well until smooth. Make cutlets. Place them on a wire rack placed over a deep pan of boiling water and steam until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli Omelette
Material:
Raw whites – 4 pcs (or 2 eggs);
Broccoli – 200 grams;
Milk – 0. 5 cups;
Water;
Salt;
Oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut it into pieces, cover and cook for 10 minutes. Beat the egg whites with the milk and salt until foamy. Place the boiled vegetables in a greased fireproof frying pan, add the egg-milk mixture and place in an oven preheated to 180 degrees Celsius. Bake for 10 minutes. Do it. In acute cases of the disease, cabbage inflorescences are crushed into pulp.
for children
This disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from substance abuse, has previously suffered severe viral infections, abdominal trauma, or is on prolonged drug therapy (hormones, tetracycline). The disease often appears in combination with other gastrointestinal pathologies, for example, gastritis. In this case, diet therapy should take into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as for adults, and is carried out according to a similar scheme: the first week - a strict, most gentle menu, then the weekly table is gradually diversified, taking into account good digestibility and the absence of disturbances. Symptoms are subordinate.
It is important to remember that the growing child's body requires the required amount of nutrients, including fat. Therefore, in order not to overload the gland, the child receives the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, i. e. medicationswith the help of.
The daily menu must necessarily include vegetables, fruits (in the remission stage they can be eaten fresh, but with caution), fermented milk products, liquids, viscous porridges, soups, as well as boiled lean meat and fish. AttacksAfter a strict diet should be followed for a month, extended diet should be followed for at least 5 years, and in the chronic form of the disease it is necessary to follow the diet table throughout life.
for pregnant
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy may worsen when taking certain vitamin complexes or as a result of internal pressure exerted on the gland by the enlarged uterus. Nutrition for pancreatitis in this case should be dietary, but with everything necessary for the full development of the fetus. Keeping in mind the nutritional requirements.
advantages and disadvantages
Adhering to a diet is the key to the health of not only the pancreas, but also the entire digestive system. Such nutrition is balanced, healthy, easier and more digestible. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite diverse and you can include various foods in the recipes. Allows to combine, giving a wide, nutritious table. However, it takes time to get accustomed to this diet. For many patients, this is not a consumer barrier but a psychological barrier, because many familiar "tasty"Products will have to be given up. But this is necessary to maintain the opportunity to live normally.
Comments from nutritionists
The treatment of pancreatitis with the help of diet is aimed, first of all, at maximally relieving the affected gland. It is important to prevent excessive production of enzyme secretion. However, according to nutritionists, it is important to provide complete rest to the digestive organIt is necessary to do. During this period, the affected organ is most sensitive to regeneration, becausefunctionally "sleeping".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (complete refusal from food) is carried out. Most often, this regimen is followed for 24 hours, but it can be extended if the patient feels well and is under the supervision of a doctor. . Prolonged abstinence from food (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
A more sparing option are fasting days. Nutritionists recommend eating these at least once a week. From the line of permitted dishes, one is selected, for example, porridge or vegetable puree. It is prepared in such a way that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are consumed.
Reviews and results
Only with strict adherence to the rules of the treatment table can a stable positive dynamics of remission be observed.
Any, even minor violation of the diet can nullify all previously made efforts, leading to the onset of a new round of the disease. How it can turn out for the patient, no doctor will tell in advance, But, in any case, the results will be the most disappointing. Reviews of pancreatitis patients only confirm this. That is why it is very important to eat right. The main thing is to take it easy, study your body and understand what wellWhat can be tolerated and what is worse. An excellent motivation in this case is the strong support of loved ones.
price
The cost of a weekly diet food basket ranges from $20 to $40 on average.